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Antibody (Suitable for clinical applications)
Application Notes
| Specification | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Recommended Dilution (Conc) | 1:50-1:100 |
| Pretreatment | EDTA Buffer pH 8.0 |
| Incubation Parameters | 30 min at Room Temperature |
Prior to use, inspect vial for the presence of any precipitate or other unusual physical properties. These can indicate that the antibody has degraded and is no longer suitable for patient samples. Please run positive and negative controls simultaneously with all patient samples to account and control for errors in laboratory procedure. Use of methods or materials not recommended by enQuire Bio including change to dilution range and detection system should be routinely validated by the user.
Actin, Smooth Muscle Information for Pathologists
Summary:
Discovered in 1986 (J Cell Biol 1986;103:2787). Antibodies to alpha smooth muscle actin do not detect the other actin isoforms. Terminology Also called smooth muscle actin, SMA; clone 1A4 or sm-1. Clinical features
Notable Clinical Features:
No apparent deficiency in intestinal pseudoobstruction (J Clin Pathol 2004;57:1168). May predict aggressive behavior in cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (Hum Pathol 2010;41:1128) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (Pancreas 2010 May 7 [Epub ahead of print]). Predictor of good prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (Mod Pathol 2009;22:776). A potential prognostic factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012;67:1039). Interpretation
Common Uses By Pathologists:
Identify smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts in normal, reactive (Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999;20:582) or neoplastic tissue (Am J Dermatopathol 2006;28:105). Identify myoepithelial cells in normal, neoplastic or diseased breast, salivary glands or sweat glands; may be helpful to rule out invasion; may be particularly important in cytology specimens (Anticancer Res 2003;23:4175). Identify pericytes to correlate with hematogenous metastasis and prognosis (Oncology 2005;69:159). Help distinguish pleuropulmonary desmoid tumors (SMA+) from solitary fibrous tumor (SMA-, Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006;130:1503). Note: in breast papillary lesions, p63 is more sensitive and specific because smooth muscle actin also stains stromal cells (J Clin Pathol 2007;60:315).
| Actin, Smooth Muscle General Information | |
|---|---|
| Alternate Names | |
| Molecular Weight | |
| 42 kDa | |
| Chromosomal Location | |
| q23.31 [chr: 10] [chr_start: 88935074] [chr_end: 88991339] [strand: -1] | |
| Curated Database and Bioinformatic Data | |
| Gene Symbol | ACTA2 |
| Entrez Gene ID | 59 |
| RefSeq Protein Accession(s) | NP_001604; NP_001307784; NP_001135417 |
| RefSeq mRNA Accession(s) | NM_001141945; NM_001613; NM_001320855 |
| RefSeq Genomic Accession(s) | NC_000010; NG_011541 |
| UniProt ID(s) | P62736 |
| PharmGKB ID(s) | PA24456 |
| KEGG Gene ID(s) | hsa:59 |
| Associated Diseases (KEGG IDs) | ACTA2 mutations predispose patients to a variety of diffuse and diverse vascular diseases, premature onset coronary artery disease (CAD), premature ischemic strokes and Moyamoya disease. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19409525}.; Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 6 (AAT6) [MIM:611788]: A disease characterized by permanent dilation of the thoracic aorta usually due to degenerative changes in the aortic wall. It is primarily associated with a characteristic histologic appearance known as ‘medial necrosis’ or ‘Erdheim cystic medial necrosis’ in which there is degeneration and fragmentation of elastic fibers, loss of smooth muscle cells, and an accumulation of basophilic ground substance. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17994018, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19409525, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19639654}. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; Moyamoya disease 5 (MYMY5) [MIM:614042]: A progressive cerebral angiopathy characterized by bilateral intracranial carotid artery stenosis and telangiectatic vessels in the region of the basal ganglia. The abnormal vessels resemble a ‘puff of smoke’ (moyamoya) on cerebral angiogram. Affected individuals can develop transient ischemic attacks and/or cerebral infarction, and rupture of the collateral vessels can cause intracranial hemorrhage. Hemiplegia of sudden onset and epileptic seizures constitute the prevailing presentation in childhood, while subarachnoid bleeding occurs more frequently in adults. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20970362}. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.; Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome (MSMDYS) [MIM:613834]: A syndrome characterized by dysfunction of smooth muscle cells throughout the body, leading to aortic and cerebrovascular disease, fixed dilated pupils, hypotonic bladder, malrotation, and hypoperistalsis of the gut and pulmonary hypertension. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20734336}. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. |
| General Description of Actin, Smooth Muscle . | |
| This antibody is specific to alpha-smooth muscle isoform of actin. It reacts with smooth muscle cells of vessels and different parenchymes. This antibody does not cross-react with beta and γ-cytoplasmic, alpha-sarcomeric and alpha-myocardial actin isoforms. | |
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