Human Anti-ATRX / RAD54 Antibody Product Attributes
ATRX / RAD54 Previously Observed Antibody Staining Patterns
Observed Subcellular, Organelle Specific Staining Data:
Anti-ATRX antibody staining is expected to be primarily localized to the nuclear bodies.
Observed Antibody Staining Data By Tissue Type:
Variations in ATRX / RAD54 antibody staining intensity in immunohistochemistry on tissue sections are present across different anatomical locations. An intense signal was observed in adipocytes in breast and mesenchymal tissue, cells in the glomeruli in kidney, cells in the molecular layer in cerebellum, cells in the red pulp in spleen, cells in the tubules in kidney, cells in the white pulp in spleen, chondrocytes in mesenchymal tissue, decidual cells in the placenta, endothelial cells in the colon, epidermal cells in the skin, exocrine glandular cells in the pancreas, fibroblasts in mesenchymal tissue, germinal center cells in the tonsil, glandular cells in the adrenal gland, appendix, breast, colon, duodenum, epididymis, fallopian tube, gallbladder, rectum, salivary gland, small intestine, stomach and thyroid gland, glial cells in the cerebral cortex, hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, islets of Langerhans in pancreas, Leydig cells in the testis, macrophages in lung, myocytes in heart muscle and skeletal muscle, myoepithelial cells in the breast, neuronal cells in the caudate nucleus and hippocampus, non-germinal center cells in the tonsil, ovarian stroma cells in the ovary, peripheral nerve in mesenchymal tissue, peripheral nerve/ganglion in colon, pneumocytes in lung, respiratory epithelial cells in the bronchus and nasopharynx, smooth muscle cells in the smooth muscle, squamous epithelial cells in the esophagus, oral mucosa, tonsil and vagina and urothelial cells in the urinary bladder. More moderate antibody staining intensity was present in adipocytes in breast and mesenchymal tissue, cells in the glomeruli in kidney, cells in the molecular layer in cerebellum, cells in the red pulp in spleen, cells in the tubules in kidney, cells in the white pulp in spleen, chondrocytes in mesenchymal tissue, decidual cells in the placenta, endothelial cells in the colon, epidermal cells in the skin, exocrine glandular cells in the pancreas, fibroblasts in mesenchymal tissue, germinal center cells in the tonsil, glandular cells in the adrenal gland, appendix, breast, colon, duodenum, epididymis, fallopian tube, gallbladder, rectum, salivary gland, small intestine, stomach and thyroid gland, glial cells in the cerebral cortex, hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, islets of Langerhans in pancreas, Leydig cells in the testis, macrophages in lung, myocytes in heart muscle and skeletal muscle, myoepithelial cells in the breast, neuronal cells in the caudate nucleus and hippocampus, non-germinal center cells in the tonsil, ovarian stroma cells in the ovary, peripheral nerve in mesenchymal tissue, peripheral nerve/ganglion in colon, pneumocytes in lung, respiratory epithelial cells in the bronchus and nasopharynx, smooth muscle cells in the smooth muscle, squamous epithelial cells in the esophagus, oral mucosa, tonsil and vagina and urothelial cells in the urinary bladder. Low, but measureable presence of ATRX / RAD54 could be seen inadipocytes in mesenchymal tissue, bile duct cells in the liver, cells in the endometrial stroma in endometrium, cells in the granular layer in cerebellum, germinal center cells in the lymph node, glandular cells in the parathyroid gland and glial cells in the caudate nucleus and hippocampus. We were unable to detect ATRX / RAD54 in other tissues. Disease states, inflammation, and other physiological changes can have a substantial impact on antibody staining patterns. These measurements were all taken in tissues deemed normal or from patients without known disease.
Observed Antibody Staining Data By Tissue Disease Status:
Tissues from cancer patients, for instance, have their own distinct pattern of ATRX / RAD54 expression as measured by anti-ATRX / RAD54 antibody immunohistochemical staining. The average level of expression by tumor is summarized in the table below. The variability row represents patient to patient variability in IHC staining.
Sample Type | breast cancer | carcinoid | cervical cancer | colorectal cancer | endometrial cancer | glioma | head and neck cancer | liver cancer | lung cancer | lymphoma | melanoma | ovarian cancer | pancreatic cancer | prostate cancer | renal cancer | skin cancer | stomach cancer | testicular cancer | thyroid cancer | urothelial cancer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Signal Intensity | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | – | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ |
ATRX Variability | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
ATRX / RAD54 General Information | |
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Alternate Names | |
Transcriptional regulator ATRX, ATP-dependent helicase ATRX,, X-linked helicase II, X-linked nuclear protein, XNP, ATRX | |
Molecular Weight | |
280kDa | |
Chromosomal Location | |
Xq21.1 | |
Curated Database and Bioinformatic Data | |
Gene Symbol | ATRX |
Entrez Gene ID | 546 |
Ensemble Gene ID | ENSG00000085224 |
RefSeq Protein Accession(s) | XP_016885100, XP_016885090, XP_016885091, XP_016885092, XP_005262214, XP_006724729, XP_016885094, XP_005262211, XP_005262210, XP_006724730, XP_016885095, XP_016885099, XP_005262213, XP_006724731, XP_016885097, NP_000480, NP_612114, XP_016885096, XP_005262212, XP_016885093, XP_016885098 |
RefSeq mRNA Accession(s) | XM_005262155, XM_017029611, XM_005262154, XM_006724667, XM_006724668, XM_017029605, XR_001755700, NM_000489, XM_005262156, XM_017029603, XM_017029607, XM_005262153, XM_017029606 NM_138270, XM_005262157, XM_017029601, XM_017029608, NM_138271, XM_006724666, XM_017029602, XM_017029604, XM_017029610, XM_017029609 |
RefSeq Genomic Accession(s) | NC_018934, NC_000023, NG_008838, |
UniProt ID(s) | A4LAA3, P46100, B4DLW1 |
UniGene ID(s) | A4LAA3, P46100, B4DLW1 |
HGNC ID(s) | 886 |
Cosmic ID(s) | ATRX |
KEGG Gene ID(s) | hsa:546 |
PharmGKB ID(s) | PA25179 |
General Description of ATRX / RAD54. | |
ATRX is a member of the Snf2 family of helicase/ATPases, which contribute to the remodeling of the nucelosome structure in an ATP-dependent manner, and facilitate the initiation of transcription and replication. Structurally, ATRX contains a PHD zinc finger motif. ATRX is regulated throughout the cell cycle where it is differentially distributed within the nucleus. During interphase, ATRX predominately associates with the nuclear matrix, while during mitosis, ATRX localizes with condensed chromatin. At the onset of M phase, phosphorylation rapidly induces this redistribution of ATRX to the short arms of human acrocentric chromosomes, where it then specifically complexes with heterochromatin protein 1 ? to mediate chromosomal segregation. Mutations in the ATRX gene correlate with a high incidence of severe X-linked form of syndromal mental retardation associated with ? thalassemia or ATRX syndrome |
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